Modelling combined open channel flow by artificial neural networks     

Han‐Chung Yang  Fi‐John Chang 《水文研究》2005,19(18):3747-3762

Combined open channel flow is encountered in many hydraulic engineering structures and processes, such as irrigation ditches and wastewater treatment facilities. Extensive experimental studies have conducted to investigate combined flow characteristics. Nevertheless, there is no simple relationship that can fully describe the velocity profiles in a turbulent flow. The artificial neural network (ANN) has great computational capability for solving various complex problems, such as function approximation. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the ANN for simulating velocity profiles, velocity contours and estimating the discharges accordingly. The velocity profiles measured by an acoustic doppler velocimeter in the open channel of the Chihtan purification plant, Taipei, with different discharges at fixed measuring section and different depths are presented. The total number of data sets is 640 and the data sets are split into two subsets, i.e. training and validation sets. The backpropagation algorithm is used to construct the neural network. The results demonstrate that the velocity profiles can be modelled by the ANN, and the ANN constructed can nicely fit the velocity profiles and can precisely predict the discharges for the conditions investigated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A mixing-length model for predicting vertical velocity distribution in flows through emergent vegetation     

PAWEŁ M. ROWIŃSKI  JANUSZ KUBRAK 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):893-904

Abstract

The vertical profiles of streamwise velocities are computed on flood plains vegetated with trees. The calculations were made based on a newly developed one-dimensional model, taking into account the relevant forces acting on the volumetric element surrounding the considered vegetation elements. A modified mixing length concept was used in the model. An important by-product of the model is the method for evaluating the friction velocities, and consequently bed shear stresses, in a vegetated channel. The model results were compared with the relevant experimental results obtained in a laboratory flume in which flood plains were covered by simulated vegetation.  相似文献   

Observations and analyses of floc size and floc settling velocity in coastal salt marsh of Luoyuan Bay, Fujian Province, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Aijun  YE Xiang  CHEN Jian 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(3):116-126

In coastal environments, fine-grain sediments often aggregate into large and porous flocs. ElectroMagnetic Current Meters (EMCM) and Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST-ST) have been deployed within a Spartina alterniflora marsh of the Luoyuan Bay in Fujian Province, China, to measure the current velocity, the floc size and the settling velocity between 15 and 22 January 2008. During the observations, the near-bed water was collected in order to obtain the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and constituent grain size. Data show that: (1) the nearbed current velocities vary from 0.1 to 5.6 cm/s in the central Spartina alterniflora marsh and 0.1–12.5 cm/s at the edge; (2) the SSCs vary from 47 to 188 mg/dm 3 . The mean grain size of constituent grains varies from 7.0 to 9.6 μm, and the mean floc sizes (MFS) vary from 30.4 to 69.4 μm. The relationship between the mean floc size and settling velocity can be described as: w s =ad b , in which w s is the floc settling velocity (mm/s), a and b are coefficients. The floc settling velocity varies from 0.17 to 0.32 mm/s, with a mean value of 0.26 mm/s, and the floc settling velocity during the flood tide is higher than that during the ebb tide. The current velocity and the SSC are the main factors controlling the flocculation processes and the floc settling velocity.  相似文献   

1961-2020年郑州主城区大气自净能力变化特征分析     

刘美  姬兴杰  田力  丁亚磊  左璇 《气象与环境学报》2022,38(3):93-100

利用郑州市主城区1961—2020年气象观测资料和2014—2018年空气质量监测数据,分析了郑州主城区大气自净能力指数的长期变化趋势与影响因子以及2014—2018年主城区大气自净能力与PM_(2.5)的关系。结果表明:郑州主城区大气自净能力指数30 a气候均值为4.42 t·(d·km^(2))^(-1),春季大气自净能力最强,为5.20 t·(d·km^(2))^(-1);秋季大气自净能力最弱,为3.88 t·(d·km^(2))^(-1),不利于对大气污染物的清除。1961—2020年郑州主城区大气自净能力呈显著的减弱趋势,其中1969年最强为6.85 t·(d·km^(2))^(-1),2020年最弱为3.06 t·(d·km^(2))^(-1)。影响因子中,1961—1980年混合层厚度与大气自净能力指数呈正相关;日平均风速≥2.5 m·s^(-1)的日数和小风日数与大气自净能力分别呈正、负显著相关;大气自净能力指数与降水日数显著相关,2015年后偏强降水日数的增加对大气自净能力在同时期的增强有一定影响。此外,研究还表明主城区大气自净能力和PM_(2.5)浓度存在显著的负相关,说明大气自净能力强时,对应的PM_(2.5)浓度低,环境空气质量趋好。  相似文献   

利用背景噪声研究滇西北波速异常与M≥5.0地震关系     

杨建文  叶泵  高琼  陈佳  王军 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(2):165-171

提出基于背景噪声波速测量的综合预测指标法,将测震资料更好地应用于震情跟踪和地震短临预报。利用滇西北5个台站2012-01~2020-11宽频带连续波形资料,基于背景噪声互相关及傅立叶变换等方法,提取10个台站对当天经验格林函数与参考经验格林函数的直达瑞利波走时偏移时间序列,设定±1.5倍标准差作为异常阈值,并以其间发生的6次M≥5.0地震为样本,采用R值评分法对每个台站对的映震能力进行效能检验,最后基于自适应加权综合预测方法提取适合于滇西北地区的地震短临异常识别指标（综合指标）。结果表明,利用该综合指标对滇西北2012年以来发生的6次M≥5.0地震进行90 d短临预报,异常指标共出现8次,其中准确预报地震5次,漏报1次,虚报4次,预报效能评分R为0.692,R₀为0.475。该综合指标的地震对应率为62.50%,概括率为83.33%。  相似文献   

2017~2018年山东长岛震群双差波速比特征分析     

赵瑞  郑建常  崔华伟  张正帅 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(11):1149-1155

通过限定震群集中区范围,剔除同一台站记录的震中位置相近且具有相同路径的地震波,使用双差波速比两次差分的方法,对2017~2018年长岛地区发生的2个震群的波速比值开展特征分析。通过对震相数据敏感性分析得出,双差波速比方法对Pg波到时较为敏感,资料处理时需要将Pg、Sg波震相误差分别控制在0.02 s和0.20 s以内。最终分析结果显示,长岛震群波速比值在1.69~1.78范围内波动,波速比变化与震群活动过程密切相关;震群几次较大余震发生前,波速比呈现低值状态;主震和余震的波速比变化存在差异,可能反映二者发震机理有所不同。  相似文献   

青藏高原东南缘现今地壳形变与多尺度应变率场特征     

陈斌  瞿伟  张勤  王庆良  郝明 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(10):1047-1055

利用青藏高原东南缘1999~2007年与2011~2017年高精度GNSS监测资料,充分顾及GNSS测站非均匀分布的特性,构建青藏高原东南缘地壳形变多尺度球面小波模型,定量分析汶川强震前后该区域地壳形变与不同空间尺度下地壳应变率场变化特征。研究结果表明,汶川强震前后研究区整体地壳运动具有一定继承性发展特征,均在龙门山、安宁河、则木河与小江断裂处形成明显的速度差异梯度带,且高应变率值也主要聚集在上述主干断裂及附近区域;汶川强震后,研究区域整体地壳运动速率量值,特别是龙门山断裂带西北侧地壳运动速度量值显著增大,羌塘、巴颜喀拉与川滇地块也呈现出加速向南东运移并推动华南块体的趋势。不同尺度下的应变率场反映出不同空间范围下区域应变积累特征,青藏高原东南缘区域在尺度因子q=7时的计算结果是合理的（合理的最大尺度因子）;当尺度因子q=6时,能较好地揭示出区域整体构造活动特性,即清晰地揭示出汶川强震后龙门山断裂处呈现出的显著主压应变、面压缩与最大剪应变率高值特征;当尺度因子q=3~7时（最佳组合尺度因子）,可较好地综合揭示出区域地壳大尺度（整体）形变与局部形变特征。汶川强震后,研究区域主干断裂带,特别是震中及其附近区域地震活动性显著增强。  相似文献   

Petrophysical properties of bioclastic platform carbonates: implications for porosity controls during burial     

Delphine Croizé  Stephen N. Ehrenberg  Knut Bjørlykke  François Renard  Jens Jahren 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010

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Vertical Sound Velocity Transition in the Coral Reef Core and Its Significance of Indicating Facies     

李赶先  卢博 《海洋通报(英文版)》2002,4(1):19-26

On the basis of the sound velocity measurements of the coral reef core from Nanyong No.1 well of Yongshu Reef in the Nansha Islands,the paper studies the relations between the vertical sound velocity transition features in the coral reef core and the corresponding stratigraphic depositional facies change as well as stratigraphic gap of erosion,analyses the cause of the sound velocity transition,expounds the concrete process of the sea level change resulting in the stratigraphic gap of erosion and facies change in the coral reef and explains the relations between the vertical sound velocity transition in the coral reef core and the corresponding stratigraphic paleoclimate and the sea level change.This study is of important practical value and theoretical significance to the island and reef engineering construction and the acoustic logging for oil exploration in the reef limestone area as well as the paleoceanographic study of the marginal sea in the westerm Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

长江河口三角洲区有孔虫沉降速度试验   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

朱晓东 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1990,10(3):47-58

作者对有孔虫壳体沉降速度进行了测试和研究,提出了不同属种有孔虫的壳径与沉降速度相关方程,引进了“当量直径”的概念,并用于长江口三角洲地层中的化石群,提出了解释潮汐河口有孔虫埋葬群的形成机理,从而定量的研究和辨别三角洲地层中的原地埋葬和异地埋葬化石群。  相似文献